Corak Ijtihad Syi’ah Imamiyah Pasca Kegaiban Imam Mahdi
Abstract
In the doctrine of Shi’te eschatology (a branch of theology), Mahdi Imam and he is also called twelfth Imam being disappeared (ghoybah) will reappear in the last day of the world and from the Devine government to realize the justice, piece and welfare of mankind. The belief of Mahdi Imam has helped the Shi’tes with great patience to face a bad situation during the history of social political unrest in the numerous parts of Islamic world. The doctrine of ghaybah is a direct consequence of belief that the world will not secure if it is without being led by an Imam (leader) to guide mankind through the straight way. During the virtual disappearance of twelfth Imam, the political and religious duties are under the leadership of Ulama (Islamic scholars) reaching the level of Mujtahid-an expert in Islamic law (marja’ taklid/source of authority) acts as representative of the public. Since the twelfth Imam has disappeared, shi’te ulama have completely different opinions in the authority of ijtihad and the relationship with political structure, so the conflict arises between Akhbari group and Ushuli group and this is finally won by Ushuli group. The methods of ijtihad (original interpretation of problems not precisely covered in the Qur’an and hadith) used by Ushuli group are clear thinking and contemplation of the verses of Qur’an and hadith containing general principles to be interpreted to solve juridical problems that come out in society.Downloads
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References
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Muthahhari, Murtadha. 1995. Prinsip-Prinsip Ijtihad Antara Sunnah dan Syi’ah, terj. Fauzi Siregar, Bandung: Pusataka Hidayah.
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al-Amin, Sayyid Muhsin. 1962. A’yân al-Syi’ah, Vol. II. Beirut,: Dâr al-fikr
al-Ghazali, Abû Hâmid Muhammad. t.t. al-Mustashfâ min ‘Ilm al-Ushûl, Beirut: Dâr al-Fikr.
al-Hasan, Amîn al-Dîn Abû ‘Ali al-Fadhl ibn. 1986. Majma’ al-Bayân, Jilid VII, Beirut: Dâr al-Ma’rifah
al-Ifriqi, Ibn Manzhûr. t.t.. Lisâ al-‘Arab, Beirut: Dâr al-Shâdir
al-Khâthib, Muhammad ‘Ajjâj. 1989. Ushûl al-Hadîts: ‘Ulûmuh wa Musthalahuh, Beirut: Dâr al-Fikr
al-Kulayni, Abû Ja’far Muhammad ibn Ya’qûb ibn Ishâq. 1954. Ushûl al-Kâfi, Tehran: Dâr al-Kutub al-Islâmiyyah.
al-Nu’mani. 1977. Kitâb al-Ghaybah, Tehran: Maktabah al-Shadûq.
al-Shadr, M. Baqir dan Muththahari, Murtadha. 1993. Pengantar Ushul Fiqh: Ushul Fiqh Perbandingan, terj. Satrio Pinandito, Jakarta: Pustaka Hidayah.
al-Syawkâni, Muhammad ibn ‘Ali. t.t.. Irsyâd al-Fukhûl ilâ Tahqîq al-Haqq min ‘Ilm al-Ushûl, Beirut: Dâr al-Fikr.
al-Thûsi, Nashr al-Dîn. 1966. Kitâb al-Ghaybah, Tehran: Maktabah al-Tsanawi al-Hadîts
al-Zhâhiri, Abû Muhammad ‘Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Hazm. t.t.. al-Ihkâm fî Ushûl Ahkâm, Juz II, Beirut: dâr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah
al-Zuhayli, Wahbah. 2007. al-Fiqh al-Islâm wa Adillatuh, Beirut: Dâr al-Fikr al-Mu’âshir.
Akhtar, Wahreed. 1988. Early Shi’ite Imamiyyah Thinkers, New Delhi: Asish Publishing House
Algar, Hamid. 1969. Religion and State in Iran, 1785-1906: The Role of Ulama in the Qajar Period, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press
Amanat, Abbad. 1988. The Between the Madrasa and the Market-place : The Designation of Clerical Leadership in Modern Shi’ism, dalam Arjomand, ed, Authority and Political Culture in Shi’ism, Albany: State University of New York Press
Arjomand, Said Amir. 1987. The Shadow of God and the Hidden Imam, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
Arjomand, Said Amir, ed.(1988. Authority and Political Culture in Shi’ism, Albany: State University of New York Press.
Babûyah, Ibnu. 1959. Kamâl al-Dîn wa Tamâm al-Ni’mah, Tehran: Khiyâban Budzar Jamhari.
Babûyah, Ibn. 1970. Ikmâl al-Dîn wa Itmâm al-Ni’mah fî Itsbât al-Raj’ah, Tehran: al-Haydariyyah
Bayat, Mongol. 1982. Mysticism and Dissent Socioreligious Thought in Qajar Iran, New York: Syracuse University Press.
Boswort, C.E., et.al. 1980. The Encyclopedia of Islam, Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Cole, Juan R.I.. 1987. Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shi’ism in Eastern Arabia, 1300-1800, IIMES, t.k.: t.p.
Donaldson, Dwight M.. 1933. The Shi’ite Religion, London: Luzac & Co.
Donald, D.B. Mc. 1987. “al-Mahdi’, dalam M.Th. Houstma, et. al, First Encyclopedia, Vol. V , Leiden: E.J. Brill
Eliash, Joseph . 1969. The Ithna Ashari-Shi’i Juristic Theory of Political and Legal Authority, t.k.: Studia Islamica .
Fajri, Nurul. 1993. Kontroversi Tradisionalis dan Rasionalis Dalam Sejarah Pemikiran Fikih Syi’ah , dalam Jurnal Ulumul Qur’an, No. 5.
Hussain, Jassim M.. 1982. The Occultation of The Twelfth Imam: A Historical Background, London: The Muhammad Trust
Kabbârah, ‘Abd al-Fattâh. 1997. al-Fiqh al-Muqârin, Beirut: Dâr al-Nafâ’is,.
Kohlberg, Etan. 1987. Aspects of Akhbâri Thought in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, Yew York: Syracuse University Press.
Ma’rûf, Hasyim. 1977. Sîrah al-A’immah al-Itsnâ ‘Asyr, Beirut : Dâr al-Qalm
Madelung, W.. 1986. “al-Mahdi”, dalam C.E. Bosworth et al, The Encyclopedia of Islam , New Ed, Vol. V, Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Modaressi, Hossein. 1984. Rationalism and Tradsionalism in Shi’i Jurisprudence: A Preliminary Survey, t.k.: Studia Islamica.
Momen, Moojan. t.t.. An Introduction to Shi’i Islam : The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi’ism, t.k.: t.p.
Mousavi, Ahmad Kazemi. 1985. The Establishment of the Position of Marja’iyyat-i Taqlîd in The Twelever-Shi’i Community, t.k.: Iranian Studies.
MR, Nurul Fajri. 2004. Mahdi Dalam Teologi Syi’ah, dalam buku Politik Islam, editor Naning Tathbiq, Jakarta: Prenada Media
Muthahhari, Murtadha. 1995. Prinsip-Prinsip Ijtihad Antara Sunnah dan Syi’ah, terj. Fauzi Siregar, Bandung: Pusataka Hidayah.
Newman, Andrew Joseph,. 1986. The Development and Political Significance of the Rationalist. Ushûli. and Tradisionalist. Akhbâri. Schools in Imami Shi’i History from the Third/Nineteenth to the Tenth/Sixteenth Century A.D,. Disertasi Ph.D.University of California
Rouf, Abdul. 2007. Melacak Akar Pemikiran Fikih Ja’fari, dalam jurnal Al-Huda, No. 13, Volume V.
Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhussein. 1981. Islamic Messianism : The Idea of the Mahdi in Twelever Shi’ism, Albany: Suny.
______. 1988. The Just Ruler in the Shi’ite Islam: the Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamute Jurispridence, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
______. 1989. Messianism and the Mahdi, in S.H. Nasr, et al, Expectation of the Millenium, Albany: Suny.
Zahrah, M. Abû . t.t.. al-Imâm Zayd : Hayâtuh wa ‘Ashruh wa Arâ’uh wa Fiqhuh, t.k.: t.p.
Published
2017-01-21
How to Cite
BISRI, H.Hasan.
Corak Ijtihad Syi’ah Imamiyah Pasca Kegaiban Imam Mahdi.
TAJDID, [S.l.], v. 23, n. 2, jan. 2017.
ISSN 2621-8259.
Available at: <https://riset-iaid.net/index.php/tajdid/article/view/29>. Date accessed: 24 apr. 2026.
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